What are the symptoms of hypopituitarism?
Symptoms of hypopituitarism vary with the affected hormones and severity of deficiency. Frequently, patients have had years of symptoms that were nonspecific until a major illness or stress occurred. Overall symptoms may include fatigue, sensitivity to cold, weakness, decreased appetite, weight loss and abdominal pain. Low blood pressure, headache and visual
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disturbances are other associated symptoms.
Growth Hormone Deficiency: A lack of growth hormone typically leads to poor overall growth and short height (dwarfism) if it occurs in childhood. In adults, growth hormone deficiency does not affect height, because the bones have finished growing, but it can cause increased fat and reduced muscle tissue, thinning of bones, and reduced energy and quality of life.
Deficiency of Gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone): In premenopausal women, deficiencies of these hormones cause menstrual periods to stop (amenorrhea), infertility, vaginal dryness, and loss of some female sexual characteristics. In men, deficiencies of these hormones result in wasting away (atrophy) of the testes, decreased sperm production and consequent infertility, and loss of some male sexual characteristics. Deficiencies of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone can also occur in Kallmann's syndrome, in which people may also have a cleft lip or palate (see Birth Defects: Facial Defects), are color-blind, and are unable to sense smells.
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Deficiency: Thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency leads to an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), which results in such symptoms as confusion, intolerance to cold, weight gain, constipation, and dry skin (see Thyroid Gland Disorders: Hypothyroidism). Most cases of hypothyroidism, however, are due to a problem originating in the thyroid gland itself, not to low levels of pituitary hormones.
Corticotropin Deficiency: Corticotropin deficiency leads to an underactive adrenal gland (Addison's disease (see Adrenal Gland Disorders: Addison's Disease)), which results in fatigue, low blood pressure, low levels of sugar in the blood, and low tolerance for stress. This is the most serious pituitary hormone deficiency; if the body is unable to make any corticotropin, it can be fatal.
Prolactin Deficiency: Prolactin deficiency reduces or eliminates a woman's ability to produce breast milk after childbirth. One cause of low prolactin levels and deficiency of other pituitary hormones is Sheehan's syndrome, a rare complication of childbirth. Sheehan's syndrome typically develops because of excessive blood loss and shock during childbirth, which results in partial destruction of the pituitary gland. Symptoms include fatigue, loss of pubic and underarm hair, and inability to produce breast milk. Prolactin deficiency has no known ill effects in men. |
